În limba engleză, verbele se împart în două categorii după forma pe care o primesc la trecut – Past Tense Simple și la Past Participle: verbe regulate, care au terminatia -ed la cele două forme menționate mai sus, și verbe neregulate, care au forme specifice. Past Tense se mai numește și forma a doua a verbului, iar Past Participle forma a treia (prescurtat, veți găsi în cărțile de gramatică engleză și V-ed, V-II si V-III).
Lista verbelor neregulate în limba engleză
Vă propunem o listă cu verbele neregulate din limba engleză, în care prima formă este cea de infinitiv , adică forma de dicîionar, forma a doua (Past Simple), forma a treia ( Past Participle) și traducerea (sensul de bază).
După cum veți observa, unele verbe au mai multe forme sau au atât forme regulate, cat și neregulate.
abide – abided/abode – abided/abode = a se supune
arise – arose – arisen = a se ivi
awake – awoke – awoken = a se trezi
be – was/were – been = a fi
bear – bore – born = = a purta
beat – beat – beaten = a bate
become – became – become = a deveni
befall – befell – befallen = a i se intampla
beget – begot – begotten = a da nastere la/a genera
begin – began – begun = a incepe
behold – beheld – beheld = a privi
bend – bent – bent = a indoi
beseech – beseeched/besought – beseeched/besought = a implora
beset – beset – beset = a asalta
bespeak – bespoke – bespoken = a rezerva
bestride – bestrode – bestridden = a incaleca
bet – bet – bet = a paria
bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid = a licita
bind – bound – bound = a lega
bite – bit – bitten = a musca
bleed – bled – bled = a sangera
blow – blew – blown = a sufla
break – broke – broken = a sparge, a rupe
breed – bred – bred = a creste animale
bring – brought – brought = a aduce
broadcast – broadcast – broadcast = a difuza
browbeat – browbeat – browbeaten = a intimida pe cineva
build – built – built = a construi
burn – burned/burnt – burned/burnt = a arde
buy – bought – bought = a cumpara
cast – cast – cast = a arunca
catch – caught – caught = a prinde
chide – chided – chided/chid/chidden = a mustra, a certa
choose – chose – chosen = a alege
cleave – cleaved/cleft – cleaved/cleft = a despica
cling – clung – clung = a se prinde, a se tine de
come – came – come = a veni
cost – cost – cost = a costa
creep – crept – crept = a se tara
cut – cut – cut = a taia
deal – dealt – dealt = a face afaceri
dig – dug – dug = a sapa
do – did – done = a face
draw – drew – drawn = a atrage
dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt = a visa
drink – drank – drunk = a bea
drive – drove – driven = a sofa
dwell – dwelled/dwelt – dwelled/dwelt = a locui
eat – ate – eaten = a manca
fall – fell – fallen = a cadea
feed – fed – fed = a hrani
feel – felt – felt = a simti
fight – fought – fought = a lupta
find – found – found = a gasi
flee – fled – fled = a fugi, a se refugia
floodlight – floodlit – floodlit = a ilumina
fly – flew – flown = a zbura
forbear – forbore – foreborne = a indura
forbid – forbade – forbidden = a interzice
forecast – forecast/forecasted – forecast/forecasted = a prevedea
foresee – foresaw – foreseen = a anticipa, a preconiza
foretell – foretold – foretold = a prezice
forget – forgot – forgotten = a uita
forgive – forgave – forgiven = a ierta
forsake – forsook – forsaken = a abandona
forswear – forswore – forsworn = a jura fals
freeze – froze – frozen = a ingheta
gainsay – gainsaid – gainsaid = a dezminti
get – got – got/gotten = a obtine
gird – girded/girt – girded/girt = a incinge, a lega cu o curea
give – gave – given = a da
go – went – gone = a merge
grind – ground – ground = a macina
grow – grew – grown = a creste
hamstring – hamstrung – hamstrung = a paraliza
hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged = a atarna
have – had – had = a avea
hear – heard – heard = a auzi
heave – hove/heaved – hove/heaved = a ridica, a inalta
hew – hewed – hewn/hewed = a taia
hide – hid – hidden = a ascunde
hit – hit – hit = a lovi
hold – held – held = a tine
hurt – hurt – hurt = a pastra
inlay – inlaid – inlaid = a incrusta
input – input/inputted – input/inputted = a introduce
inset – inset/insetted – inset/insetted = a insera
interweave – interwove/interweaved – interwoven/interweaved = a impleti
keep – kept – kept = a pastra
kneel – knelt – knelt = a ingenunchia
knit – knit – knit = a tricota
know – knew – knpwn = a sti
lay – laid – laid = a pune
lead – led – led = a conduce
lean – leant/leaned – lent/leaned = a sprijini
leap – leapt/leaped – leapt/leaped = a sari
learn – learned/learnt – learnt = a invata
leave – left – left = a pleca
lend – lent – lent = a da cu imprumut
let – let – let = a lasa
lie – lay – lain = a sta culcat
light – lit – lit = a aprinde (lumina)
lose – lost – lost = a pierde
make – made -made = a face
mean – meant – meant = a semnifica
meet – met- met = a intalni
mishear – miheard – misheard = a auzi gresit
mislay – mislaid – mislaid = a rataci (un obiect)
mislead – misled – misled = a induce in eroare
misread [misri:d] – misread [misred] – misread [misred] = a citi gresit
misspell – misspelt/misspelled – misspelt/misspelled = a scrie gresit
mistake – mistook – mistaken = a confunda
misunderstand – misunderstood – misunderstood = a intelege gresit
mow – mowed – mown/mowed = a cosi iarba
outbid – outbid – outbid/outbidden = a supralicita
outdo – outdid – outdone = a intrece
outgrow – outgrew – outgrown = a creste mai mare decat
outlay – outlaid – outlaid = a cheltui
output – output – output = a da ca rezultat
outrun – outran – outrun = a depasi, a devansa
outsell – outsold – outsold = a vinde mai mult decat
outshine – outshone – outshone = a eclipsa
overbid – overbid – overbid = a supralicita
overcome – overcame – overcome = a invinge
overdo – overdid – overdone = a exagera
overdraw – overdrew – overdrawn = a depasi contul (in banca)
overeat – overate – overeaten = a manca prea mult
overfly – overflew – overflown = a survola
overhang – overhung – overhung = a iesi in afara
overhear – overheard – overheard = a auzi din intamplare
overlay – overlaid – overlaid = a acoperi
overpay – overpaid – overpaid = a plati mai mult sau prea mult pentru ceva
override – overrode – overridden = a fi mai important decat
overrun – overran – overrun = a depasi
oversee – oversaw – overseen = a supraveghea
overshoot – overshot – overshot = a nu nimeri tinta
oversleep – overslept – overslept = a dormi prea mult
overtake – overtook – overtaken = a depasi
overthrow – overthrew – overthrown = a rasturna
partake – partook – partaken = a impartasi
pay – paid – paid = a plati
plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled = a pleda
prove – proved – proved/proven = a dovedi
put – put – put = a pune
quit – quit – quit = a parasi, a abandona, a renunta
read [ri:d] – read [red] – read [red] = a citi
rebuild – rebult – rebuilt = a reconstrui
recast – recast – recast = a reformula
redo – redid – redone = a reface
remake – remade – remade = a crea o versiune noua
rend – rent – rent = a sfasia
repay – repaid – repaid = a rambursa
reread [ri:ri:d] – reread [ri:red] – reread [ri:red] = a reciti
rerun – reran – rerun = a rula din nou
resell – resold – resold = a revinde
reset – reset – reset = a reseta, a remonta
resit – resit – resit = a da din nou un examen
retake – retook – retaken = a relua
retell – retold – retold = a repovesti
rethink – rethought – rethought = a reanaliza
rewrite – rewrote – rewritten = a rescrie
rid – rid – rid = a scapa
ride – rode – ridden = a calari
ring – rang – rung = a suna
rise – rose – risen = a creste
run – ran – run = a alerga
saw – sawed – sawed/sawn = a taia cu ferastraul
say – said – said = a spune
see – saw – seen = a vedea
seek – sought – sought = a cauta
sell – sold – sold = a vinde
send – sent – sent = a trimite
set – set – set = a seta/monta
sew – sewed – sewed/sewn = a coase
shake – shook – shaken = a scutura
shear – sheared – sheared/shorn = a taia, a reteza
shed – shed – shed = a varsa
shine – shone – shone = a straluci
shoe – shod – shod = a potcovi
shoot – shot – shot = a alerga
show – showed – shown/showed = a arata, a demonstra
shrink – shrank – shrunk = a se micsora
shut – shut – shut = a inchide
sing – sang – sung = a canta
sink – sank – sunk = a (se) scufunda
sit – sat – sat = a sta
slay – slew – slain = a ucide
sleep – slept – slept = a dormi
slide – slid – slid = a aluneca
sling – slung – slung = a arunca
slink – slunk – slunk = a se furisa
slit – slit – slit = a despica
smell – smellt/smelled – smellt/smelled = a mirosi
smite – smote – smitten = a lovi
sow – sowed – sowed/sown = a semana, a insamanta
speak – spoke – spoken = a vorbi
speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded = a grabi
spell – spelt/spelled – spelt/spelled = a scrie, a ortografia
spend – spent – spent = a cheltui
spill – spilt/spilled – spilt/spilled = a varsa, a inprastia
spin – spun – spun = a roti
spit – spat/spit – spat/spit = a scuipa
split – split – split = a despica
spoil – spoilt/spoiled – spoilt/spoiled = a strica, a rasfata
spotlight – spotlit/spotlighted – spotlit/spotlighted = a pune in lumina
spread – spread – spread = a raspandi
spring – sprang – sprung = a sari
stand – stood – stood = a sta in picioare
stave – staved/stove – staved/stove = a preveni
steal – stole – stolen = a fura
stick – stuck – stuck = a lipi
sting – stung – stung = a intepa
stink – stank/stunk – stunk = a mirosi urat
strew – strewed – strewn/strewed = a imprastia
stride – strode – stridden = a merge cu pasi mari, a umbla
strike – struck – struck = a lovi
string – strung – strung = a insira
strive – strove – striven = a se stradui
sublet – sublet – sublet = a subinchiria
swear – swore – sworn = a jura
sweat – sweat/sweated – sweat/sweated = a transpira
sweep – swept – swept = a matura
swell – swelled – swollen/swelled = a (se) umfla
swim – swam – swum = a inota
swing – swung – swung = a (se) balansa
take – took – taken = a lua
teach – taught – taught = a invata pe cineva
tear – tore – torn = a rupe, a sfasia
tell – told – told = a sta
think – thought – thought = a se gandi
thrive – thrived/throve – thrived = a prospera, a se dezvolta
throw – threw – thrown = a arunca
thrust – thrust – thrust = a arunca (ceva) intr-o anumita directie
tread – trod – trodded/trod = a calca, a pasi
typecast – typecast – typecast = a cataloga (pe cineva)
typeset – typeset – typeset = a culege litere
typewrite – typewrote – typewritten = a dactilografia
unbend – unbent – unbent = a indrepta, a dezdoi
underbid – underbid – underbid = a oferi mai putin la o licitatie
undercut – undercut – undercut = a reduce (pretul)
undergo – underwent – undergone = a trece printr-o experienta, a suferi
underlie – underlay – underlain = a sta la baza
underpay – underpaid – underpaid = a plati insuficient
undesell – undersold – undersold = a vinde mai ieftin decat concurenta
understand – understood – understood = a intelege
undertake – undertook – undertaken = a intreprinde, a se angaja sa faca ceva
underwrite – underwrote – underwritten = a subscrie
undo – undid – undone = a anula, a desface
unfreeze – unfroze – unfrozen = a dezgheta
unlearn – unlearnt/unlearned – unlearnt/unlearned = a se dezvata
unstick – unstuck – unstuck = a dezlipi
unwind – unwound – unwound = a derula
uphold – upheld – upheld = a sustine
upset – upset – upset = a supara
wake – woke – woken = a trezi
waylay – waylaid – waylaid = a pandi, a tine calea
wear – wore – worn = a purta
weave – wove/weaved – woven/weaved = a tese
wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded = a se casatori
weep – wept – wept = a plange
wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted = a uda, a umezi
win – won – won = a castiga
wind – wound – wound = a (se) incolaci, a serpui
withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn = a retrage
withhold – withheld – withheld = a retine
withstand – withstood – withstood = a rezista la
wring – upwrung – wrung = a stoarce
write – wrote – written = a scrie
Utilizarea unor verbe neregulate în propoziții:
Acum să aruncăm o privire la cum aceste verbe sunt folosite în propoziții:
go – went – gone:
I went to the park yesterday. (Am mers la parc ieri.)
Have you ever gone skiing? (Ai mers vreodată la schi?)
eat – ate – eaten:
She ate pizza for dinner last night. (Ea a mâncat pizza la cină aseară.)
They have already eaten all the cake. (Ei au mâncat deja tot tortul.)
come – came – come:
He came to visit us last weekend. (El a venit să ne viziteze weekendul trecut.)
Have they come to a decision yet? (Au venit la o decizie încă?)
run – ran – run:
The dog ran after the ball. (Câinele a alergat după minge.)
She has run five miles today. (Ea a alergat cinci mile astăzi.)
be – was/were – been:
I was tired yesterday. (Eu am fost obosit ieri.)
They have never been to Paris. (Ei nu au fost niciodată la Paris.)
feel – felt – felt:
She felt sad after hearing the news. (Ea s-a simțit tristă după ce a auzit știrea.)
Have you ever felt so excited before? (Ai simțit vreodată atât de entuziasmat înainte?)
take – took – taken:
She took the bus to work this morning. (Ea a luat autobuzul la serviciu în dimineața aceasta.)
We have never taken a trip to Europe. (Noi nu am făcut niciodată o excursie în Europa.)
drink – drank – drunk:
He drank a glass of water after the workout. (El a băut un pahar cu apă după antrenament.)
They have already drunk all the soda. (Ei au băut deja tot răcoritorul.)
see – saw – seen:
We saw a beautiful sunset at the beach. (Noi am văzut un apus frumos la plajă.)
Have you ever seen a shooting star? (Ai văzut vreodată o stea căzătoare?)
write – wrote – written:
She wrote a letter to her grandmother last week. (Ea a scris o scrisoare bunicuței ei săptămâna trecută.)
They have already written their essays for school. (Ei au scris deja eseurile pentru școală.)
give – gave – given:
He gave her a bouquet of flowers for her birthday. (El i-a dat un buchet de flori pentru ziua ei de naștere.)
Have you ever given a speech in front of a large audience? (Ai ținut vreodată un discurs în fața unei audiențe mari?)
Greșeli comune în folosirea verbelor neregulate
Iată câteva greșeli comune pe care oamenii le fac atunci când folosesc verbele neregulate în engleză:
Confundarea formelor de bază și formelor trecute ale verbelor:
Greșeală comună: „He run to the store yesterday.”
Corect: „He ran to the store yesterday.”
Traducere: „El a alergat la magazin ieri.”
Confuzia între participiul trecut și forma trecută a verbelor:
Greșeală comună: „She has saw that movie before.”
Corect: „She has seen that movie before.”
Traducere: „Ea a văzut acel film înainte.”
Folosirea formei de bază în locul formei trecute sau a participiului trecut:
Greșeală comună: „I drinked coffee this morning.”
Corect: „I drank coffee this morning.”
Traducere: „Am băut cafea în dimineața aceasta.”
Confuzia între „was” și „were”:
Greșeală comună: „They was happy to see you.”
Corect: „They were happy to see you.”
Traducere: „Ei au fost fericiți să te vadă.”
Omiterea auxiliarului „have” în propozițiile cu timpul perfect compus:
Greșeală comună: „She saw that movie many times.”
Corect: „She has seen that movie many times.”
Traducere: „Ea a văzut acel film de multe ori.”
Exerciții și teste practice pentru învățarea verbelor neregulate:
Exerciții practice și teste de autoevaluare sunt utile pentru verificarea cunoștințele după ce ai învățat lista de verbe neregulate.
Exercițiu de completare a spațiilor goale:
Completează spațiile goale cu forma corectă a verbului neregulat dat:
She __________ (go) to the park yesterday.
I __________ (see) a shooting star last night.
They __________ (eat) pizza for dinner.
He __________ (drink) two cups of coffee this morning.
We __________ (take) a trip to the mountains last summer.
Exercițiu de potrivire a corespunderii:
Potrivește verbele neregulate cu formele lor de trecut și participiile trecute:
Verbul: run
Trecut: ________
Participiu trecut: ________
Verbul: write
Trecut: ________
Participiu trecut: ________
Verbul: see
Trecut: ________
Participiu trecut: ________
Completează propozițiile cu propria experiență:
Completează propozițiile cu verbe neregulate în funcție de experiența ta personală sau de situații imaginare:
I __________ (eat) sushi before.
She __________ (run) a marathon last year.
They __________ (write) a book together.
He __________ (take) a trip to Paris once.
We __________ (see) the new movie at the cinema.
Exercițiu de transformare a propozițiilor:
Transformă propozițiile cu verbe regulate în propoziții cu verbe neregulate:
He walks to school every day.
He __________ (walk) to school every day.
She listens to music in the evenings.
She __________ (listen) to music in the evenings.
They play soccer on weekends.
They __________ (play) soccer on weekends.
Test de autoevaluare cu întrebări cu alegere multiplă:
Alege răspunsul corect pentru fiecare întrebare:
What is the past tense of the verb „drink”?
- a) drank
- b) drinked
- c) drunken
Răspuns corect: a) drank
What is the past tense of the verb „take”?
- a) took
- b) taked
- c) taken
Răspuns corect: a) took
Test de completare a spațiilor goale:
Completează spațiile goale sau potrivește verbele neregulate cu formele lor de trecut:
She __________ (break) her leg last year.
He __________ (forget) his keys at home yesterday.
They __________ (drive) to the beach last weekend.
Învățarea verbelor neregulate este esențială pentru a-ți îmbunătăți abilitățile de vorbire în engleză. Nu te descuraja dacă pare dificil la început – cu practică și perseverență, vei deveni un maestru al acestor verbe în curând!
