În limba engleză, verbele se împart în două categorii după forma pe care o primesc la trecut – Past Tense Simple și la Past Participle: verbe regulate, care au terminatia -ed la cele două forme menționate mai sus, și verbe neregulate, care au forme specifice. Past Tense se mai numește și forma a doua a verbului, iar Past Participle forma a treia (prescurtat, veți găsi în cărțile de gramatică engleză și V-ed, V-II si V-III).

Lista verbelor neregulate în limba engleză

Vă propunem o listă cu verbele neregulate din limba engleză, în care prima formă este cea de infinitiv , adică forma de dicîionar, forma a doua (Past Simple), forma a treia ( Past Participle) și traducerea (sensul de bază).

După cum veți observa, unele verbe au mai multe forme sau au atât forme regulate, cat și neregulate.

abide – abided/abode – abided/abode = a se supune

arise – arose – arisen = a se ivi

awake – awoke – awoken = a se trezi

be – was/were – been = a fi

bear – bore – born = = a purta

beat – beat – beaten = a bate

become – became – become = a deveni

befall – befell – befallen = a i se intampla

beget – begot – begotten = a da nastere la/a genera

begin – began – begun = a incepe

behold – beheld – beheld = a privi

bend – bent – bent = a indoi

beseech – beseeched/besought – beseeched/besought = a implora

beset – beset – beset = a asalta

bespeak – bespoke – bespoken = a rezerva

bestride – bestrode – bestridden = a incaleca

bet – bet – bet = a paria

bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid = a licita

bind – bound – bound = a lega

bite – bit – bitten = a musca

bleed – bled – bled = a sangera

blow – blew – blown = a sufla

break – broke – broken = a sparge, a rupe

breed – bred – bred = a creste animale

bring – brought – brought = a aduce

broadcast – broadcast – broadcast = a difuza

browbeat – browbeat – browbeaten = a intimida pe cineva

build – built – built = a construi

burn – burned/burnt – burned/burnt = a arde

buy – bought – bought = a cumpara

cast – cast – cast = a arunca

catch – caught – caught = a prinde

chide – chided – chided/chid/chidden = a mustra, a certa

choose – chose – chosen = a alege

cleave – cleaved/cleft – cleaved/cleft = a despica

cling – clung – clung = a se prinde, a se tine de

come – came – come = a veni

cost – cost – cost = a costa

creep – crept – crept = a se tara

cut – cut – cut = a taia

deal – dealt – dealt = a face afaceri

dig – dug – dug = a sapa

do – did – done = a face

draw – drew – drawn = a atrage

dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt = a visa

drink – drank – drunk = a bea

drive – drove – driven = a sofa

dwell – dwelled/dwelt – dwelled/dwelt = a locui

eat – ate – eaten = a manca

fall – fell – fallen = a cadea

feed – fed – fed = a hrani

feel – felt – felt = a simti

fight – fought – fought = a lupta

find – found – found = a gasi

flee – fled – fled = a fugi, a se refugia

floodlight – floodlit – floodlit = a ilumina

fly – flew – flown = a zbura

forbear – forbore – foreborne = a indura

forbid – forbade – forbidden = a interzice

forecast – forecast/forecasted – forecast/forecasted = a prevedea

foresee – foresaw – foreseen = a anticipa, a preconiza

foretell – foretold – foretold = a prezice

forget – forgot – forgotten = a uita

forgive – forgave – forgiven = a ierta

forsake – forsook – forsaken = a abandona

forswear – forswore – forsworn = a jura fals

freeze – froze – frozen = a ingheta

gainsay – gainsaid – gainsaid = a dezminti

get – got – got/gotten = a obtine

gird – girded/girt – girded/girt = a incinge, a lega cu o curea

give – gave – given = a da

go – went – gone = a merge

grind – ground – ground = a macina

grow – grew – grown = a creste

hamstring – hamstrung – hamstrung = a paraliza

hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged = a atarna

have – had – had = a avea

hear – heard – heard = a auzi

heave – hove/heaved – hove/heaved = a ridica, a inalta

hew – hewed – hewn/hewed = a taia

hide – hid – hidden = a ascunde

hit – hit – hit = a lovi

hold – held – held = a tine

hurt – hurt – hurt = a pastra

inlay – inlaid – inlaid = a incrusta

input – input/inputted – input/inputted = a introduce

inset – inset/insetted – inset/insetted = a insera

interweave – interwove/interweaved – interwoven/interweaved = a impleti

keep – kept – kept = a pastra

kneel – knelt – knelt = a ingenunchia

knit – knit – knit = a tricota

know – knew – knpwn = a sti

lay – laid – laid = a pune

lead – led – led = a conduce

lean – leant/leaned – lent/leaned = a sprijini

leap – leapt/leaped – leapt/leaped = a sari

learn – learned/learnt – learnt = a invata

leave – left – left = a pleca

lend – lent – lent = a da cu imprumut

let – let – let = a lasa

lie – lay – lain = a sta culcat

light – lit – lit = a aprinde (lumina)

lose – lost – lost = a pierde

make – made -made = a face

mean – meant – meant = a semnifica

meet – met- met = a intalni

mishear – miheard – misheard = a auzi gresit

mislay – mislaid – mislaid = a rataci (un obiect)

mislead – misled – misled = a induce in eroare

misread [misri:d] – misread [misred] – misread [misred] = a citi gresit

misspell – misspelt/misspelled – misspelt/misspelled = a scrie gresit

mistake – mistook – mistaken = a confunda

misunderstand – misunderstood – misunderstood = a intelege gresit

mow – mowed – mown/mowed = a cosi iarba

outbid – outbid – outbid/outbidden = a supralicita

outdo – outdid – outdone = a intrece

outgrow – outgrew – outgrown = a creste mai mare decat

outlay – outlaid – outlaid = a cheltui

output – output – output = a da ca rezultat

outrun – outran – outrun = a depasi, a devansa

outsell – outsold – outsold = a vinde mai mult decat

outshine – outshone – outshone = a eclipsa

overbid – overbid – overbid = a supralicita

overcome – overcame – overcome = a invinge

overdo – overdid – overdone = a exagera

overdraw – overdrew – overdrawn = a depasi contul (in banca)

overeat – overate – overeaten = a manca prea mult

overfly – overflew – overflown = a survola

overhang – overhung – overhung = a iesi in afara

overhear – overheard – overheard = a auzi din intamplare

overlay – overlaid – overlaid = a acoperi

overpay – overpaid – overpaid = a plati mai mult sau prea mult pentru ceva

override – overrode – overridden = a fi mai important decat

overrun – overran – overrun = a depasi

oversee – oversaw – overseen = a supraveghea

overshoot – overshot – overshot = a nu nimeri tinta

oversleep – overslept – overslept = a dormi prea mult

overtake – overtook – overtaken = a depasi

overthrow – overthrew – overthrown = a rasturna

partake – partook – partaken = a impartasi

pay – paid – paid = a plati

plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled = a pleda

prove – proved – proved/proven = a dovedi

put – put – put = a pune

quit – quit – quit = a parasi, a abandona, a renunta

read [ri:d] – read [red] – read [red] = a citi

rebuild – rebult – rebuilt = a reconstrui

recast – recast – recast = a reformula

redo – redid – redone = a reface

remake – remade – remade = a crea o versiune noua

rend – rent – rent = a sfasia

repay – repaid – repaid = a rambursa

reread [ri:ri:d] – reread [ri:red] – reread [ri:red] = a reciti

rerun – reran – rerun = a rula din nou

resell – resold – resold = a revinde

reset – reset – reset = a reseta, a remonta

resit – resit – resit = a da din nou un examen

retake – retook – retaken = a relua

retell – retold – retold = a repovesti

rethink – rethought – rethought = a reanaliza

rewrite – rewrote – rewritten = a rescrie

rid – rid – rid = a scapa

ride – rode – ridden = a calari

ring – rang – rung = a suna

rise – rose – risen = a creste

run – ran – run = a alerga

saw – sawed – sawed/sawn = a taia cu ferastraul

say – said – said = a spune

see – saw – seen = a vedea

seek – sought – sought = a cauta

sell – sold – sold = a vinde

send – sent – sent = a trimite

set – set – set = a seta/monta

sew – sewed – sewed/sewn = a coase

shake – shook – shaken = a scutura

shear – sheared – sheared/shorn = a taia, a reteza

shed – shed – shed = a varsa

shine – shone – shone = a straluci

shoe – shod – shod = a potcovi

shoot – shot – shot = a alerga

show – showed – shown/showed = a arata, a demonstra

shrink – shrank – shrunk = a se micsora

shut – shut – shut = a inchide

sing – sang – sung = a canta

sink – sank – sunk = a (se) scufunda

sit – sat – sat = a sta

slay – slew – slain = a ucide

sleep – slept – slept = a dormi

slide – slid – slid = a aluneca

sling – slung – slung = a arunca

slink – slunk – slunk = a se furisa

slit – slit – slit = a despica

smell – smellt/smelled – smellt/smelled = a mirosi

smite – smote – smitten = a lovi

sow – sowed – sowed/sown = a semana, a insamanta

speak – spoke – spoken = a vorbi

speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded = a grabi

spell – spelt/spelled – spelt/spelled = a scrie, a ortografia

spend – spent – spent = a cheltui

spill – spilt/spilled – spilt/spilled = a varsa, a inprastia

spin – spun – spun = a roti

spit – spat/spit – spat/spit = a scuipa

split – split – split = a despica

spoil – spoilt/spoiled – spoilt/spoiled = a strica, a rasfata

spotlight – spotlit/spotlighted – spotlit/spotlighted = a pune in lumina

spread – spread – spread = a raspandi

spring – sprang – sprung = a sari

stand – stood – stood = a sta in picioare

stave – staved/stove – staved/stove = a preveni

steal – stole – stolen = a fura

stick – stuck – stuck = a lipi

sting – stung – stung = a intepa

stink – stank/stunk – stunk = a mirosi urat

strew – strewed – strewn/strewed = a imprastia

stride – strode – stridden = a merge cu pasi mari, a umbla

strike – struck – struck = a lovi

string – strung – strung = a insira

strive – strove – striven = a se stradui

sublet – sublet – sublet = a subinchiria

swear – swore – sworn = a jura

sweat – sweat/sweated – sweat/sweated = a transpira

sweep – swept – swept = a matura

swell – swelled – swollen/swelled = a (se) umfla

swim – swam – swum = a inota

swing – swung – swung = a (se) balansa

take – took – taken = a lua

teach – taught – taught = a invata pe cineva

tear – tore – torn = a rupe, a sfasia

tell – told – told = a sta

think – thought – thought = a se gandi

thrive – thrived/throve – thrived = a prospera, a se dezvolta

throw – threw – thrown = a arunca

thrust – thrust – thrust = a arunca (ceva) intr-o anumita directie

tread – trod – trodded/trod = a calca, a pasi

typecast – typecast – typecast = a cataloga (pe cineva)

typeset – typeset – typeset = a culege litere

typewrite – typewrote – typewritten = a dactilografia

unbend – unbent – unbent = a indrepta, a dezdoi

underbid – underbid – underbid = a oferi mai putin la o licitatie

undercut – undercut – undercut = a reduce (pretul)

undergo – underwent – undergone = a trece printr-o experienta, a suferi

underlie – underlay – underlain = a sta la baza

underpay – underpaid – underpaid = a plati insuficient

undesell – undersold – undersold = a vinde mai ieftin decat concurenta

understand – understood – understood = a intelege

undertake – undertook – undertaken = a intreprinde, a se angaja sa faca ceva

underwrite – underwrote – underwritten = a subscrie

undo – undid – undone = a anula, a desface

unfreeze – unfroze – unfrozen = a dezgheta

unlearn – unlearnt/unlearned – unlearnt/unlearned = a se dezvata

unstick – unstuck – unstuck = a dezlipi

unwind – unwound – unwound = a derula

uphold – upheld – upheld = a sustine

upset – upset – upset = a supara

wake – woke – woken = a trezi

waylay – waylaid – waylaid = a pandi, a tine calea

wear – wore – worn = a purta

weave – wove/weaved – woven/weaved = a tese

wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded = a se casatori

weep – wept – wept = a plange

wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted = a uda, a umezi

win – won – won = a castiga

wind – wound – wound = a (se) incolaci, a serpui

withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn = a retrage

withhold – withheld – withheld = a retine

withstand – withstood – withstood = a rezista la

wring – upwrung – wrung = a stoarce

write – wrote – written = a scrie

Utilizarea unor verbe neregulate în propoziții:

Acum să aruncăm o privire la cum aceste verbe sunt folosite în propoziții:

go – went – gone:

I went to the park yesterday. (Am mers la parc ieri.)

Have you ever gone skiing? (Ai mers vreodată la schi?)

eat – ate – eaten:

She ate pizza for dinner last night. (Ea a mâncat pizza la cină aseară.)

They have already eaten all the cake. (Ei au mâncat deja tot tortul.)

come – came – come:

He came to visit us last weekend. (El a venit să ne viziteze weekendul trecut.)

Have they come to a decision yet? (Au venit la o decizie încă?)

run – ran – run:

The dog ran after the ball. (Câinele a alergat după minge.)

She has run five miles today. (Ea a alergat cinci mile astăzi.)

be – was/were – been:

I was tired yesterday. (Eu am fost obosit ieri.)

They have never been to Paris. (Ei nu au fost niciodată la Paris.)

feel – felt – felt:

She felt sad after hearing the news. (Ea s-a simțit tristă după ce a auzit știrea.)

Have you ever felt so excited before? (Ai simțit vreodată atât de entuziasmat înainte?)

take – took – taken:

She took the bus to work this morning. (Ea a luat autobuzul la serviciu în dimineața aceasta.)

We have never taken a trip to Europe. (Noi nu am făcut niciodată o excursie în Europa.)

drink – drank – drunk:

He drank a glass of water after the workout. (El a băut un pahar cu apă după antrenament.)

They have already drunk all the soda. (Ei au băut deja tot răcoritorul.)

see – saw – seen:

We saw a beautiful sunset at the beach. (Noi am văzut un apus frumos la plajă.)

Have you ever seen a shooting star? (Ai văzut vreodată o stea căzătoare?)

write – wrote – written:

She wrote a letter to her grandmother last week. (Ea a scris o scrisoare bunicuței ei săptămâna trecută.)

They have already written their essays for school. (Ei au scris deja eseurile pentru școală.)

give – gave – given:

He gave her a bouquet of flowers for her birthday. (El i-a dat un buchet de flori pentru ziua ei de naștere.)

Have you ever given a speech in front of a large audience? (Ai ținut vreodată un discurs în fața unei audiențe mari?)

Greșeli comune în folosirea verbelor neregulate

Iată câteva greșeli comune pe care oamenii le fac atunci când folosesc verbele neregulate în engleză:

Confundarea formelor de bază și formelor trecute ale verbelor:

Greșeală comună: „He run to the store yesterday.”

Corect: „He ran to the store yesterday.”

Traducere: „El a alergat la magazin ieri.”

Confuzia între participiul trecut și forma trecută a verbelor:

Greșeală comună: „She has saw that movie before.”

Corect: „She has seen that movie before.”

Traducere: „Ea a văzut acel film înainte.”

Folosirea formei de bază în locul formei trecute sau a participiului trecut:

Greșeală comună: „I drinked coffee this morning.”

Corect: „I drank coffee this morning.”

Traducere: „Am băut cafea în dimineața aceasta.”

Confuzia între „was” și „were”:

Greșeală comună: „They was happy to see you.”

Corect: „They were happy to see you.”

Traducere: „Ei au fost fericiți să te vadă.”

Omiterea auxiliarului „have” în propozițiile cu timpul perfect compus:

Greșeală comună: „She saw that movie many times.”

Corect: „She has seen that movie many times.”

Traducere: „Ea a văzut acel film de multe ori.”

Exerciții și teste practice pentru învățarea verbelor neregulate:

Exerciții practice și teste de autoevaluare sunt utile pentru verificarea cunoștințele după ce ai învățat lista de verbe neregulate.

Exercițiu de completare a spațiilor goale:

Completează spațiile goale cu forma corectă a verbului neregulat dat:

She __________ (go) to the park yesterday.

I __________ (see) a shooting star last night.

They __________ (eat) pizza for dinner.

He __________ (drink) two cups of coffee this morning.

We __________ (take) a trip to the mountains last summer.

Exercițiu de potrivire a corespunderii:

Potrivește verbele neregulate cu formele lor de trecut și participiile trecute:

Verbul: run

Trecut: ________

Participiu trecut: ________

Verbul: write

Trecut: ________

Participiu trecut: ________

Verbul: see

Trecut: ________

Participiu trecut: ________

Completează propozițiile cu propria experiență:

Completează propozițiile cu verbe neregulate în funcție de experiența ta personală sau de situații imaginare:

I __________ (eat) sushi before.

She __________ (run) a marathon last year.

They __________ (write) a book together.

He __________ (take) a trip to Paris once.

We __________ (see) the new movie at the cinema.

Exercițiu de transformare a propozițiilor:

Transformă propozițiile cu verbe regulate în propoziții cu verbe neregulate:

He walks to school every day.

He __________ (walk) to school every day.

She listens to music in the evenings.

She __________ (listen) to music in the evenings.

They play soccer on weekends.

They __________ (play) soccer on weekends.

Test de autoevaluare cu întrebări cu alegere multiplă:

Alege răspunsul corect pentru fiecare întrebare:

What is the past tense of the verb „drink”?

1. a) drank
2. b) drinked
3. c) drunken

Răspuns corect: a) drank

What is the past tense of the verb „take”?

1. a) took
2. b) taked
3. c) taken

Răspuns corect: a) took

Test de completare a spațiilor goale:

Completează spațiile goale sau potrivește verbele neregulate cu formele lor de trecut:

She __________ (break) her leg last year.

He __________ (forget) his keys at home yesterday.

They __________ (drive) to the beach last weekend.

Învățarea verbelor neregulate este esențială pentru a-ți îmbunătăți abilitățile de vorbire în engleză. Nu te descuraja dacă pare dificil la început – cu practică și perseverență, vei deveni un maestru al acestor verbe în curând!